Introduction: With a vast population, rich cultural heritage, and growing economy, India is at the doorstep of becoming a major global power. However, the true measure of its worldwide influence will depend on its economic and military might and its ability to be inclusive, both domestically and internationally. Inclusivity in this context refers to ensuring equitable growth and representation across all sections of society within India, as well as adopting a foreign policy that embraces collaboration, fairness, and mutual respect on the global stage. This paper argues that India’s path to becoming a global power must emphasise inclusivity, thereby fostering sustainable development and global leadership that benefits all.
India’s Evolution as a Global Player
India’s journey towards becoming a global power is deeply rooted in its post-independence history. After gaining independence in 1947, India adopted a policy of non-alignment, refusing to side with either the Western bloc led by the United States or the Eastern bloc led by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. This policy allowed India to maintain its sovereignty and advocate for a world order that respected the rights of newly independent nations in Asia and Africa.
The economic liberalisation that began in the 1990s marked a turning point in India’s global ambitions. Opening up the economy to foreign investments, reducing trade barriers, and embracing globalisation allowed India to integrate more deeply into the global economy. This period also saw India’s rise as a key player in international organisations such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organisation, and the BRICS grouping, further solidifying its global stature.
Domestic Inclusivity as a Foundation
Economic Inclusivity
For India to become a truly inclusive global power, it must first address the economic disparities within its borders. Economic inclusivity involves creating opportunities for all sections of society, particularly marginalised communities, to participate in and benefit from the country’s economic growth. This requires policies that bridge the urban-rural divide, ensure equitable access to resources, and promote social mobility through education and skill development programmes.
The Indian government has initiated several schemes aimed at reducing poverty and enhancing economic inclusivity, such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY). However, these efforts need to be scaled up and made more effective to achieve the desired outcomes.
Social Inclusivity
Social inclusivity is crucial for fostering national unity and ensuring that all citizens, regardless of caste, religion, or gender, have equal access to opportunities and resources. India’s social fabric is diverse, with numerous ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups. However, this diversity has also been a source of division, leading to social tensions and conflicts. Addressing these challenges requires a concerted effort to promote social justice and equality. Initiatives such as the reservation system, which provides affirmative action for historically disadvantaged communities, and campaigns like ‘Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao’, aimed at empowering girls, are steps in the right direction. However, more needs to be done to eliminate discrimination and ensure that all citizens feel a sense of belonging and pride in their nation.
Political Inclusivity
India’s democratic system is one of its greatest strengths, providing a platform for political inclusivity. Ensuring that all communities are adequately represented in the political process is essential for maintaining social harmony and fostering a sense of ownership in the country’s future. This includes ensuring the representation of different regions and communities in legislative bodies and encouraging political participation at the grassroots level. The challenge lies in making the political process more transparent, accessible, and responsive to the needs of all citizens. Strengthening democratic institutions, combating corruption, and promoting political awareness and education are crucial to achieving political inclusivity.
International Inclusivity in Foreign Policy
South-South Cooperation
As a leader among developing nations, India has a significant role to play in South-South cooperation. This involves building partnerships with other developing countries to address common challenges and promote shared interests. India has already taken several initiatives in this regard, such as the International Solar Alliance, which aims to promote solar energy in countries with high solar potential, most of which are in the Global South. India’s foreign policy should continue to prioritise collaboration with other developing nations, sharing its experiences and expertise in areas such as agriculture, technology, and healthcare. This not only helps build strong bilateral relationships but also enhances India’s standing as a responsible global power committed to inclusive growth.
Multilateralism and Global Governance
In a rapidly changing global landscape, India’s role in multilateralism and global governance is increasingly important. India has consistently advocated for reforms in global institutions like the United Nations, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund to ensure that they reflect the realities of the 21st century and provide fair representation to developing countries. India’s approach to global governance should continue to be based on principles of equity, fairness, and respect for international law. By promoting a multipolar world order and strengthening regional organisations like the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), India can contribute to a more inclusive and balanced global system.
India adopted the policy of non-alignment after independence in 1947, maintaining sovereignty and advocating for a world order that respected the rights of newly independent nations in Asia and Africa. In the 1990s, economic liberalisation marked a turning point in India’s global ambitions
Soft Power Diplomacy
India’s cultural heritage, democratic values, and commitment to peaceful coexistence are powerful tools of soft power diplomacy. Through cultural exchanges, educational initiatives, and public diplomacy, India can project a positive image on the global stage and build lasting relationships with other countries. The Indian diaspora, one of the largest in the world, also plays a crucial role in enhancing India’s global influence. By engaging with the diaspora and leveraging their contributions, India can strengthen its ties with other nations and promote its values of inclusivity and cooperation.
Challenges and Opportunities
Despite its achievements, India faces several internal challenges that could hinder its path to becoming an inclusive global power. Economic inequality remains a significant issue, with a large portion of the population still living in poverty. Social unrest, fuelled by issues such as religious intolerance and caste-based discrimination, poses a threat to national unity. Political polarisation and governance issues, including corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies, further complicate the situation. Addressing these challenges requires strong leadership, effective policy implementation, and a commitment to inclusive growth and development.
India’s young and dynamic population, referred to as the demographic dividend, presents a significant advantage. India’s strategic location, at the crossroads of major trade routes, offers opportunities for enhancing its role in global trade and commerce
On the international front, India faces several geopolitical challenges, particularly in its immediate neighbourhood. Tensions with Pakistan over the Kashmir issue and the growing influence of China in South Asia are significant concerns. Balancing relations with major powers like the United States and Russia, while maintaining its strategic autonomy, is another challenge. India’s foreign policy must navigate these complexities while maintaining its focus on inclusivity and cooperation. Engaging with regional actors, participating in multilateral forums, and promoting peace and stability in the region are essential strategies for addressing these challenges.
Despite the challenges, India has several opportunities to enhance its global standing. Its young and dynamic population, often referred to as the demographic dividend, presents a significant advantage. By investing in education, skill development, and innovation, India can harness this potential to drive economic growth and technological advancements. India’s strategic location, at the crossroads of major trade routes, also offers opportunities for enhancing its role in global trade and commerce. Strengthening infrastructure, improving ease of doing business, and fostering regional integration are key to realising these opportunities.
Conclusion
To become an inclusive global power, India must prioritise domestic inclusivity. This involves implementing policies that promote equitable economic growth, social justice, and political participation. Educational reforms, aimed at improving access and quality, are crucial for empowering the next generation. Similarly, healthcare initiatives must ensure that all citizens have access to quality medical services. The government should also focus on enhancing social welfare programmes, targeting marginalised communities, and ensuring that economic benefits reach the most vulnerable sections of society. Strengthening democratic institutions and promoting transparency in governance will help build public trust and foster a more inclusive political environment.
South-South cooperation offers a platform for India to share its experiences and collaborate on solutions to common challenges. Additionally, India should take a leadership role in global issues such as climate change, public health, and sustainable development
On the international stage, India should continue to build and strengthen partnerships with other developing countries. South-South cooperation offers a platform for India to share its experiences and collaborate on solutions to common challenges. Additionally, India should take a leadership role in global issues such as climate change, public health, and sustainable development. India’s engagement with major powers should be based on mutual respect and shared interests while maintaining its strategic autonomy. By deepening ties with emerging economies and participating actively in multilateral forums, India can enhance its influence and contribute to a more inclusive global order.
India’s commitment to global inclusivity should be reflected in its approach to global governance. Advocating for reforms in international institutions, promoting a multipolar world order, and supporting the voices of developing countries are key strategies for achieving this goal. India should also leverage its soft power, through cultural diplomacy and diaspora engagement, to promote its values of inclusivity, peace, and cooperation on the global stage. By fostering an inclusive approach to global power, India can set an example for other nations and contribute to a more just and equitable world order. India’s potential to become an inclusive global power hinges on its ability to address both domestic and international challenges. By promoting inclusivity within its borders, India can create a strong foundation for sustainable development and social harmony. On the global stage, India’s commitment to cooperation, fairness, and mutual respect will enhance its influence and leadership. In conclusion, India’s journey to becoming an inclusive global power is both challenging and full of opportunities. With the right policies and a focus on inclusivity, India can emerge as a global leader that not only achieves greatness but also inspires others to follow a path of equitable growth and shared prosperity.
-The writer is Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Defence and Strategic Studies, Amity University. The views expressed are personal and do not necessarily carry the views of Raksha Anirveda
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